Stands of garlic mustard can double in size every four years. Garlic mustard seeds are easily spread by people and animals. They can remain in the soil for up to 30 years and still be able to sprout. The plant can grow in a wide range of sunny and fully shaded habitats, including undisturbed forest, forest edges, riverbanks and roadsides. Garlic mustard does not provide a valuable food source for native wildlife. Garlic mustard is established in southern and eastern Ontario as far north as Sault Ste.
Garlic mustard resembles several native Ontario plants. The leaves at the base of the plant look like those of several plants in the carrot family Thaspium and Zizia , the daisy family Senecio and the violet family Viola. The seed pods look like those of several other mustard Brassicaceae species.
The easiest way to distinguish garlic mustard from these plant families is to crush the leaves. If they emit a strong garlic smell, then the plant is most likely garlic mustard. Garlic Mustard. Retrieved from: www. This factsheet may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes. Garlic Mustard Alliaria petiolata. Home 9 Invaders 9 Plants 9 Garlic Mustard. Second year plants flower in early May. Fruit seeds : Second year plants have seed pods that are 2. Garlic mustard is widespread in Southern Ontario, from Windsor to Ottawa, and has also be found as far north as Sault Ste.
Garlic mustard does not appear to require disturbance to become established, making it a threat to mature forests. It can enter, establish itself, and become the dominant plant in the forest understory in years. Garlic mustard is allelopathic; the chemicals produced in the roots have been shown to prevent the growth of other plants and grasses.
These chemicals also affect the growth and regeneration of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi AMF , beneficial fungi in the soil that help trees and plants absorb nutrients and water into their roots. Loss of AMF changes the forest ecosystem. Non-native species are able to grow and displace native seedlings, including those which would eventually become canopy trees such as maples and oaks.
This effect can last for years after garlic mustard has been removed. Garlic mustard leaves have a high nutrient content. When they die, they accelerate the rate of decay of native leaf litter, altering the natural decomposition cycle and changing the structure and function of forest ecosystems. Garlic mustard is able to establish itself in these low-leaf litter environments, whereas many native species cannot.
By changing the composition of the litter layer on the forest floor, garlic mustard reduces habitat for ground-nesting birds and affects habitat for salamanders and other forest floor-dwelling animals. Hand pulling: Hand pulling is a viable strategy for small populations or few plants. Hand pulling garlic mustard will create soil disturbance, which stimulates the germination of seeds in the seed bank.
Hand pulling must be repeated more than once and is more likely to be successful when followed with replanting with native species. The best time to do basal cutting is just after the plants flower and before they produce seeds. Garlic mustard plants can flower at different times, so it may need to be repeated more than once in a season.
Basal cutting is preferable to hand pulling because it reduces the soil disturbance. Plants that have been mowed can still send up flowering stalks, but continuous mowing throughout the growing season can prevent seed production. Clipping flower heads: Clipping the flower heads will prevent seed production but must be repeated continually until the end of the growing season, as it encourages new flowers to emerge.
Learn how to identify garlic mustard and other invasive plants, and how to effectively manage these species on your property. Go to ontario. These brief documents were created to help invasive plant management professionals use the most effective control practices in their effort to control invasive plants in Ontario. The BMPs were developed by the Ontario Invasive Plant Council OIPC , and its partners to facilitate the invasive plant control initiatives of individuals and organizations concerned with the protection of biodiversity, agricultural lands, infrastructure, crops and natural lands.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo. The Invasive Species Centre aims to connect stakeholders. Garlic mustard, a Class A noxious weed, is a biennial or winter annual herb that generally grows up to 6 feet tall.
Lower leaves are kidney-shaped with scalloped edges. Leaves feel hairless, and the root has an "S" or "L" shape just below the stem base. In spring, roots and new leaves smell like garlic, and small, four-petal white flowers appear clustered at stem ends, followed by long, skinny seedpods.
This weed spreads by seed and can self-pollinate, helping it rapidly displace native plants along trails, in forests, and on riverbanks, among other areas. Garlic mustard is an invasive non-native biennial herb that spreads by seed. Although edible for people, it is not eaten by local wildlife or insects. It is difficult to control once it has reached a site; it can cross-pollinate or self-pollinate, it has a high seed production rate, it out competes native vegetation and it can establish in a relatively stable forest understory.
It can grow in dense shade or sunny sites. The fact that it is self fertile means that one plant can occupy a site and produce a seed bank. Plant stands can produce more than 62, seeds per square meter to quickly out compete local flora, changing the structure of plant communities on the forest floor. Garlic mustard is also allelopathic, producing chemicals that inhibit the growth of other plants and mychorrizal fungi needed for healthy tree growth and tree seedling survival.
The majority of the known infestations in King County are on City of Seattle Parks properties and nearby private properties, but garlic mustard has also moved into Bellevue, properties along the Cedar River, North Bend, Tukwila, Shoreline and other parts of the county. Early detection, containment and eradication of new sites is of the highest priority.
If you think you see this plant, please contact our program as soon as possible. Garlic mustard is also a growing problem in other parts of Washington as well as Oregon and Alaska. Regional collaboration to share information and build partnerships to combat garlic mustard will be the key to stopping this plant in the Pacific Northwest.
If you see garlic mustard in our region outside of King County, please notify the local or state weed board or conservation district office. First identified in Seattle in and listed as a Class A noxious weed in , the King County Noxious Weed Program is working closely with landowners to prevent new infestations and eradicate existing infestations.
Without cooperation and vigilance we will lose the battle to keep garlic mustard out of woodland areas throughout western Washington. Garlic mustard seeds typically germinate in fall or early spring and the plant first forms a low, mound of leaves called a rosette that grows from mid-summer through the following spring.
Plants typically bolt and form upright, flowering stems in March and April.
0コメント